Buffer solutions and thier properties buffer capacity

Buffer solutions, depending on their composition, are divided into 2 main types:

acidic and basic.

Acid buffering systems are usually formed by a weak inorganic or

organic acid and a salt of the same acid with a strong base.

For example:

1) CH3COOH + CH3COONa - acetate buffer

weak acid salt acid

2) H2CO3 (H2O + CO2) + NaHCO3 - hydrocarbonate or

weak acid salt acid bicarbonate buffer.

Basic buffer systems are formed by weak inorganic or

organic base and a salt of this base with a strong acid. For example:

1) NH3 · H2O (NH4OH) + NH4Cl - ammonia buffer

weak base salt

2) C2H5 – NH2 + C2H5NH3Cl - ethylamine buffer

weak base salt

Basic buffer systems are formed by weak inorganic or

organic base and a salt of this base with a strong acid. For example:

1) NH3 · H2O (NH4OH) + NH4Cl - ammonia buffer

weak base salt

2) C2H5 – NH2 + C2H5NH3Cl - ethylamine buffer

weak base salt.